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This study analyzes the exploitation of foreign labor in Italian agriculture, focusing on the case of Rosarno. Since the 1990s, the presence of migrants has allowed the main agricultural districts to intensify production, even though many migrants have been employed irregularly. Rosarno has become known for a widespread system of violence, exploitation, and social and housing marginalization, which mainly affected migrants. Despite protests and legislative intervention, such as the “Rosarno Law” to counter illegal hiring, the system has remained rooted in the local economy. In this study, starting from a detailed analysis, local and international experiences will be cited which have proposed alternative models of ethical and profitable agricultural production. As is known, Calabria’s economy is extremely fragile, marked by intense emigration flows for over a century. This factor has strongly influenced the infrastructural, economic, and social development of its small and very small centres, which in 80% of cases suffer the consequences of depopulation, abandonment and lack of services. Some of these cities, starting from the end of the 90s in conjunction with the influx of migrants arriving on their coasts, have implemented reception projects that are celebrated today as models, such as nearby Riace.

The purpose of this study is to explore current issues concerning Italy’s economic conditions from an international context.
Although the topic has already been abundantly discussed, it is felt that it should be analyzed and studied not only from a legal/institutional perspective but also and above all from an economic perspective. Therefore, the present study aims to broaden the scope of research by advancing the field through the study of the RdC institution from a macroeconomic point of view, therefore considered simply as an anti-crisis fiscal policy instrument to demonstrate its effectiveness.
To do this, a whole series of macroeconomic indicators will be analyzed by means of a quantitative survey that, through a graphical representation, will highlight the economic repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic and the role assumed in this regard by the Citizenship Income in terms of its capacity to affect the real economy. For this reason, the object of analysis will be the widening of the North-South divide that occurred following the aforementioned pandemic crisis, observing not only some of the most important macroeconomic data on the industrial and productive context of the aforementioned areas, but also and above all through the analysis of the data concerning the RdC, concerning, for example, the number of people involved rather than their place of residence.